Periodontitis, also known as “gum disease”, is the chronic inflammation of the supporting structures of teeth, mainly gum and bone. According to the Singapore Health Survey 2003, it affects approximately 85% of the local population. Emerging evidence have associated gum disease with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, stroke and heart attack.
Diabetes
The relationship between gum disease and diabetes has been increasingly recognised over the past decades. There is a ‘two-way relationship’ between uncontrolled diabetes and gum disease. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the risk of periodontitis and slows down healing after dental treatments such as extractions. On the other hand, periodontitis also negatively affects the glycemic control of diabetic patients. Gum disease can increase the insulin resistance and blood glucose level, thus worsening diabetes and diabetes-related complications such as retinopathy and kidney failure.1
Cardiovascular diseases
Some studies have found a link between gum disease and cardiovascular disease such as stroke and heart attack. It is theorised that bacteria byproducts from the mouth enters the bloodstream, triggers inflammation and promotes clot formation within the artery. This increases the likelihood of heart disease.2
In conclusion, gum disease negatively affects general health. Therefore, it is much advised to visit the dentist regularly (at least every 6 months) to maintain good oral health and overall general health.
